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Oil shale in Israel is widespread but an undeveloped resource, largely because of economic and technological constraints. Israeli oil shales belong to the group of Upper Cretaceous marinites. Although oil-shale deposits may lie under as much as 15% of the country, only a small part of these are mineable. According to the Geological Survey of Israel, deposits that could have the biggest economic potential are located in the northern Negev, the largest being the Rotem-Yamin formation. For several decades, oil shale was used for small-scale power generation at Mishor Rotem. Several Israeli companies have proposed shale oil extraction; testing of the viability of the oil shale industry is currently being undertaken by Israel Energy Initiatives. However, as of 2011, there are no commercial oil shale operations in Israel. ==Resource== Oil shale in Israel is Upper Cretaceous marinite, which kerogen is most-likely formed from marine phytoplankton.〔〔 According to government agencies in Israel, oil shale within the nation is not at present a viable energy resource, given currently available technologies.〔 Further study and analysis are needed to determine the full potential.〔 Oil shale deposits cover approximately 15% of Israel, mainly in the northern and central parts of the country. There are more than 30 known occurrences of oil shale.〔 The theoretical total reserves are estimated to be about 300 billion tonnes. However, only a few billion tonnes are thought to be recoverable in practical terms through open-pit mining.〔 The main resources are located in the north of the Negev desert.〔 〕 The principle economic potential have the Mishash and the Ghareb formations in northern Negev.〔〔 As a source for hydrocarbon production, particular interest is oil shales in Dead Sea graben area.〔 The largest deposit is Rotem-Yamin (Mishor Rotem and Mishor Yamin occurrences).〔 Other larger deposits are Sde Boker, Nahal Zin, Zenifim, Shefela-Hartuv, Oron, Nabi Musa, En Boqeq, and Yeroham.〔 〕 According to Tsevi Minster of the Geological Survey of Israel, the largest oil shale occurrence may be Shefela.〔 〕 The thickness of oil shale formations vary from ; maximum thickness of the Ghareb Formation in the northern Negev is . The oil shale in Israel is carbonate-rich consisting of 65 to 80% chalk and marl, and 2–15% clays. Its moisture is up to 20%.〔 Organic content is about 9–15% and sulfur 10–15%.〔 〕 It yields about of shale oil per one metric ton of oil shale.〔 〕 By mineral composition, Israeli oil shale is similar to oil shale in Jordan.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oil shale in Israel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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